Bonsai terminology

 The visible root base of the tree. A well-developed nebari gives a sense of stability and age, showcasing the tree’s connection to the ground. 

 The fine network of branches achieved through repeated pruning. A well-ramified bonsai has a dense and realistic canopy. 

  The curves, twists, or bends in the trunk that give the tree a dynamic and lifelike appearance. This feature is key to creating interest and character in the bonsai. 

 The arrangement of branches, including primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. Proper branch structure creates depth and balance in the overall design. 

 A feature where deadwood is left on branches to simulate natural damage from lightning or decay. 

 The highest point or tip of the bonsai tree, representing the crown. It is usually slightly tilted toward the viewer for better aesthetics. 

 Deadwood on the trunk, created by stripping the bark to expose the wood beneath. This feature adds age and ruggedness to the bonsai. 

 The growth of new buds on older wood, allowing for the development of new branches closer to the trunk.

 A technique where large leaves are removed to encourage smaller leaves, improving the scale and proportion of the tree. 

 Cutting back branches, roots, or leaves to shape the tree and promote healthy growth. 

 Wrapping wire around branches or the trunk to guide their shape. Care must be taken to avoid damaging the bark. 

 Removing all or some leaves to encourage smaller leaves and better light penetration.